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Friday, January 31, 2014

Firefighting 101


Firefighting 101

 

By FireRescue 1 Staff

In learning how to fight fires, it’s important to be able to differentiate between different types of fire situations. Being able to do this requires a ‘reading’ of the fire, which is the method by which a firefighter determines the best way to approach it and the safest way to extinguish it.

Firefighters face considerable danger in their work, especially if they have to enter a burning building. Reading the fire to see if there are indications of a potential explosion or back draft is an important part of maintaining firefighting safety when learning how to fight fires. They also must determine if there are chemicals that may pose additional hazards to bystanders as well as firefighters. The things that firefighters look for when reading a fire are:

• Detection of hot zones. Checking a door temperature before opening it to prevent a flash. Detecting window soot to see if combustion is incomplete.
• Smoke movement out of a window or door frame.
• Spraying water on a surface to see if it hisses indicating extreme heat or if it drips off of the surface, which indicates less intense heat.

Learning how to fight fires also involves learning the elements that are involved in creating and sustaining a fire. These are fuel, heat, an oxidizing agent and a self-sustained chemical reaction.

The fuel in building fires is the materials used to construct it such as wood, sheetrock, paint. Another fuel component of these types of fires is the building contents, such as the furniture, carpeting and drapes. Heat comes from the fire itself. The self-sustained chemical chain reaction is the way the fire’s components react to each other. The oxidizing agent is a material or substance that when the proper conditions exist will release gases, including oxygen. These are all things that a firefighter studies when learning how to fight fires.

In order to fight a fire, you must take out any one of the fire elements. The most common method is to use water to put out the fire. The water takes away heat by cooling the fire. Water also smothers the fire, taking away oxygen. Some firefighters use foam as an alternative to water. Fire extinguishers also use foam to fight fires. Removing the fuel is another fire fighting method. In learning to fight a fire, you often have to let the fuel burn until the fire goes out. Another method of extinguishing fires is chemical flame inhibition. These fire retardant agents interrupt the combustion reaction put out the fire. This is especially effective on gas and liquid fuels, which are extremely difficult and dangerous to extinguish.

For professional firefighters, learning how to fight fires requires both education and experience. In firefighting training, they learn the science of fire, which tells them the causes and components of the fire, as well as the methods of extinguishing it. They also learn how to use the tools necessary for firefighting, such as hoses, chemicals, shovels and axes. By combining classroom instruction with hands-on firefighting exercises, firefighters become valuable safety and rescue officers of our communities.

The link to this article can be found at:  http://www.firerecruit.com/articles/1063921-How-to-fight-fires

Suggested other links to read are: 

            http://www.wikihow.com/Fight-a-Forest-Fire

            http://newsfeed.time.com/2012/07/14/hotter-and-faster-how-to-fight-a-modern-fire/

            http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firefighting

            http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/how-to-put-out-kitchen-fires.html

            http://www.ehow.com/how_114403_kitchen-fire.html

There are many other links on this subject, too.

Panini (sandwich)


Panini (sandwich)

       A wiki link on the subject can be found at:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panini_(sandwich)

Consider using a bacon press for other uses, too. For example consider using one for a clothes iron, or even a Panini press.

Hair and hairstyles over the years































































Old-time radio


Old-time radio

      A wiki link on the subject can be found at:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old-time_radio

What is the meaning of the shape of your foot?


What is the meaning of the shape of your foot?

Submitted by Javababe




I just saw this photo “Based on these what are your roots?” being shared in my Facebook wall post. The shapes intrigued me and I looked down on my feet to see what it looks like and oh I got a Greek type of feet. So does that mean have Grecian roots? What they shared is just an image which is kind of disappointing; they should have at least put some caption about these feet types or the significance of feet types.

Wanting to learn more about it, I searched google and have found a lot related articles, from medicine to chinese belief. Some of the Chinese interpretation or belief I found is quite interesting.

1. Someone who walks with an inward splay suggests they are low profile, preferring the stable life rather than taking risks.
2. When your toes are sharp in shape, it suggests you are the black sheep of the family. You love to spend money but are lazy to work; it indicates a lack of great
achievement in life.
3. When your feet are meaty and smooth, it suggests you will become very prosperous and rich. It is also an indication that such a person’s family is very rich,
belonging to the privileged class.
4. When your feet are big, (size 8 and above for men and size 7 and above for women) this indicates you are a “survivor”. You can deal with any kinds of problems,
setbacks, obstacles or difficult people. You are decisive and can provide strong leadership.
5. When your middle toe is the longest among your toes, it is not a good indication as it suggests your destiny could turn irksome during middle age. You could suffer
from a perpetual shortage of money and face obstacles that block your success.
6. When your second toe is longer than your big toe, this suggests you will have plenty of food on the table and plenty of friends around you. You impress others with
your good heart, so many will speak well of you. But you need to work hard to maintain your increasingly extravagant lifestyle.

If you want to read more: www.wofs.com/index.php?option=com_content&;view=article&id=461:looking-for-signs-of..
www.wofs.com/index.php?option=com_content&;Itemid=38&task=view&id=633

+Shape
+Feet
+Chinese-belief
+Lifestyle
+Meaning
+Roots
+Wealth
+Chinese
+Feng-Shui

 

Geography Quiz


Geography Quiz

            http://lizardpoint.com/geography/

Pita


Pita

       A wiki link on this food subject can be found at:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pita

Carbon monoxide poisoning


Carbon monoxide poisoning

       A wiki link on the subject can be found at:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_monoxide_poisoning

Chair


Chair

       A wiki link on the subject can be found at:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chair

Wrinkle


Wrinkle

       A wiki link on the subject can be found at: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrinkle

            A wiki link on permanent press clothing can be found at:   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent_press

            There are many other links on wrinkles one can read about, too.

Function of ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) LEAF JUICE


Function of ALOE BARBADENSIS (ALOE VERA) LEAF JUICE

      Aloe Barbadensis leaf juice, or Aloe Vera as it is more commonly known, is extracted from the leaves of the plant Aloe. It has been used medicinally for several thousands of years in many cultures.

Skin Care Benefits

Scientists have discovered over 200 nutritional substances in Aloe Barbadensis leafs, including 20 minerals, 20 amino acids, 12 vitamins, and active enzymes.

Aloe Barbadensis leaf juice can soothe skin and serve as an anti-inflammatory. It can be efficiently used topically, because of its burn healing effects, scar reducing and wounds healing properties.

Aloe protects the skin from UV damage. The herb contains aloin, which can block up to 30 percent of the ultraviolet rays when applied to the skin’s surface.

This plant, which carry the status of super star, contains an impressive number of vitamins, including A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, E, Choline and Folic Acid. These vitamins are great for protecting the skin from free radicals, dangerous compounds that cause signs of premature aging due to damaging effects on the DNA and other cell structures.

The herb also contains enzymes, which are the life-principle in every live. These organic molecules rejuvenate aged tissues and promote healthy skin.

Scientists have shown that skin can absorb the key ingredients of Aloe up to 7 layers deep. Thanks to this capacity, Aloe effectively stimulates proteolytic enzyme action in skin tissue, stimulating fibroblast cells that manufacture collagen.

Moreover, because of the aforementioned enzymatic breakdown of dead skin cells from Aloe, it is an excellent cleansing and detoxifying agent, that has ability to remove dead skin cells and toxins while purifying the pores.

Aloe also acts as a moisturizing agent. The herb can be an effective humectant, increasing water retention in the skin. It moisturizes skin and also has antimicrobial properties against many common bacteria and fungi.

Safety Information

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has reviewed the safety of Aloe Barbadensis and determined that they may be used as natural flavoring substance for direct addition to food.


The safety of Aloe Barbadensis has been assessed by the Cosmetic Ingredient Review (CIR) Expert Panel. The CIR Expert Panel evaluated the scientific data and based on the available information concluded that Aloe Barbadensis and the compounds containing Aloe Barbadensis were safe for use as cosmetic ingredients.

Aloe Barbadensis may be used in cosmetics and personal care products marketed in Europe according to the general provisions of the Cosmetics Directive of the European Union.

Link to the EU Cosmetics Directive: Cosmetic ingredients database

Aloe Barbadensis may be used in cosmetics and personal care products marketed in Europe according to the general provisions of the Cosmetics Directive of the European Union.

The World Health Organization has prepared a monograph on selected medicinal plants, including Aloe. Link to WHO monographs on selected medicinal plants

 

Mode of Action

Korean researchers from Seoul National University have been investigated Aloe to define whether it could reduce wrinkles. They described their findings in a study published in the journal “Annals of Dermatology.” In just 90 days a daily low dose of Aloe gel was enough to cause significant changes in facial wrinkles in women aged 45 years and over. Scientists have concluded that wrinkle depth decreased and skin elasticity improved due to increased collagen production.

Primary Nutrients Found in Aloe

Amino Acids

Our bodies use 22 amino acids to make more than 50,000 proteins we need to be healthy. The body itself can produce 14 amino acids and the remaining 8 are considered essential because our bodies can’t manufacture them. All of the eight essential amino acids can be found in Aloe Vera and they are Isoleucine, Tryptophan , Leucine, Phenylalanine , Lysine, Methionine, Threonine and Valine. Aloe Vera also contains 12 non-essential amino acids, including Glutamine, Glycine, Alanine, Cysteine, Arginine, Proline , Glutamic acid Asparagine, Serine, Histidine, , Tyrosine, and Aspartic acid.

Anthraquinones

Provides 12 anthraquinones: Aloe emodin, Aloetic Acid, Aloin, Anthracine, Antranol, Barbaloin, Chrysophanic Acid, Emodin, Ethereal Oil, Ester of Cinnamonic Acid, Isobarbaloin, Resistannol.

In relatively small concentrations they provide Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antifungal & Antiviral activity.

Enzymes

Provides 8 enzymes: Aliiase, Alkaline Phosphatase, Amylase, Carboxypeptidase, Catalase, Cellulase, Lipase, Peroxidase

In relatively small concentrations they provide Analgesic, Antibacterial, Antifungal & Antiviral activity.

Hormones

Provides 2 hormenes, Auxins & Gibberellins, that have wound healing & anti-inflammatory properties.

Lignin

Cellulose based substance, thought to provide penetrating power in Aloe Vera skin preparations and may act as a carrier for other components.

Minerals

20 minerals essential for good health and is known to work in certain combimation with each other, vitamins and other trace elements.

Salicylic Acid

Aspirin like compound that has analgesic properties.

Saponins

Soapy substance both cleansing and antiseptic.

Sterols

Provides 4 main plant steroids that act as anti-inflammatory agents: Cholesterol, Campesterol, Lupeol, and Sitosterol. Lupeol also possesses antiseptic and analgesic properties.

Sugars

Monosaccharides: glucose & fructose; Polysaccarides: gluco-mannans / polymannose.

Vitamins

A, B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B12, C, E, Choline and Folic Acid. A, C and E act as antioxidants, B’s & Choline involved in amino acid metabolism, B12 required for production of red blood cells, Folic Acid in the development of blood cells.

 

Scientific evidence:





The original link to this article can be found at:  http://rg-cell.com/aloe-barbadensis/

A wiki link on aloe vera can be found at:  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloe_vera

There are many other links on this subject, too.