Distorting Christian History to Defend Islam
Secularism didn’t save the West
from religious excesses, and it won’t save us from jihadists.
By Michael J. Ortiz in the Wall Street Journal
In an attempt to find a peaceful
alternative for those in the Islamic world who advocate violence for political
and religious goals, Christians in the West shouldn’t distort the history of
Christianity, or stand idly by while others do so. Letting this version of
events shape perceptions of Christian history invariably means a portrait of
religion as a force of darkness, while science and technology will always be
beacons of sanity and light.
The narrative portraying religious
conviction as antithetical to reasoned comity among people and nations is easy
enough to fall into. At the national prayer breakfast last week, for instance,
President Obama compared the excesses of the Crusades and the Inquisition to
the terrorism of today’s radical Islam. The president went on to condemn
(rightly) those who advance their religious convictions with violence.
But what he and many others miss is
the conviction that Western core values come from a faith in which God enters
into human history precisely to save the world from the erring reason that
fails, among other things, to recognize that terrorism is an affront to God and
humanity.
The all-too-common narrative goes
like this: Centuries ago, Catholics and Protestants gladly burned heretics up
and down Europe by the thousands until, thank God—or All Powerful Goodness, as
Ben Franklin would put it—the rise of Enlightenment thinkers banished the
barbarity that is somehow native to religious fervor. Only with the
liberalizing mandates of Vatican II (1962-65), we’re told, did
Catholicism—usually the main boogeyman in this version of history—come to grips
with the idea of democracy and religious freedom, and finally extinguish the
last embers of the Inquisition.
This narrative is false according to
the historical record and to the origins and abiding ethos of Christianity,
Catholic and Protestant. Historians call this the la leyenda negra—the
“Black Legend”—because it blackens the name of Catholicism in particular and
religion in general. According to this legend, the Inquisition is on a
continuum with the Holocaust and the terrors of Stalinism.
Yet objective historians realize
that in the most infamous example, in Spain, several popes condemned the
Inquisition’s excesses. Moreover, the 6,832 members of the clergy executed by
the Spanish Republican Red Terror in 1936 is more than twice the number of
those executed in 345 years of the Inquisition in Spain.
Far from being an enemy of reason
and peace, Christianity’s overwhelming message through the centuries has been
one of tolerance, a message that underpins many of the values that people of
all faiths, and of no faith, can live by. Pope Emeritus Benedict XVI ’s work as
a theologian has done great service in trying to correct the erroneous view
that faith and civil tolerance must always be opposed.
He looks forthrightly at the
negative aspects of the rise of democracies in the West, while not forgetting
their positive legacies. As then- Pope Benedict pointed out in a 2005 address
to the Roman Curia—the church’s governing body—popes of the 19th century
condemned democracy because so many of its exponents were claiming “to embrace
with their knowledge the whole of reality to its limit, stubbornly proposing to
make” God completely “superfluous.” He thus reminds us that a Western culture
beset by nihilism cannot provide a way out of the nihilism of the jihadist.
If we say to followers of Islam that
the only way to rid the faith of extremists is to accept “modernity,” are we
also asking them to accept a world view that embraces a growing agnosticism
about the fundamentals of civilized living?
While we celebrate our freedoms,
such freedoms also give us rampant abortion, commercialized eroticism and laws
that make marriage anything one wishes it to mean. If we want the Muslim world
to emulate our institutions of democracy, perhaps we should give them reasons
for believing that democracy doesn’t automatically have to jettison publicly
held moralities that actually ensure those freedoms in the first place.
Benedict XVI saw with his own eyes a
Europe in flames after the Allies defeated Hitler ’s self-made religion of
blood. Yet he rightly remembered in that 2005 address the hope of the mid-20th
century for a state that was “not neutral regarding values but alive, drawing
from the great ethical sources opened by Christianity.” If we betray this hope
today, it will not only be the West that suffers.
Mr. Ortiz teaches at the Heights
School, in Potomac, Md. He is the author of “Like the First Morning: The
Morning Offering as Daily Renewal” (Ave Maria Press, 2015).
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